Value-added waste substitution using slag and rubber aggregates in the sustainable and eco-friendly compressed brick production

Authors

  • Praburanganathan Selvaraj School of Civil Engineering, REVA University, Bangalore (India)
  • S Chithra Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore (India)
  • N Divyah Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore (India)
  • Sudharsan N Department of Civil Engineering, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (India)
  • Yeddula Bharath Simha Reddy School of Civil Engineering, REVA University, Bangalore (India)
  • Vigneshwaran S School of Civil Engineering, REVA University, Bangalore (India)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7764/RDLC.21.1.5

Keywords:

rubber aggregate, copper slag, recycled waste, mechanical properties, microstructure

Abstract

The current study aimed to analyse the viability of incorporating the post cryogenic discarded rubber and the air-cooled slag as an aggregate in partial replacement of stone dust in fly ash bricks production. A range of mechanical, non-destructive, and microstructural tests was performed on bricks thus produced by incorporating rubber and slag aggregates in various dosages (i.e., 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% by stone dust weight).  The result revealed that the compressive strength dropped from 71 to 43 % in the case of rubber aggregate replacement. Morphology study confirms that the rubber aggregates resulted in the porous microstructure of the bricks and leads to lesser unit weight and lighter structure. The rubber may be used as a lightweight aggregate in the brick possibly as it reduces the density of the final product. However, the use of rubber in bricks needs to be cautiously designed to get hold of productive solutions at the end. The findings demonstrate that the copper slag substitution of up to 15%, found to be enhanced the strength properties and it will be a better choice for low-cost construction as a promising alternative construction material.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aattache, A., Mahi, A., Soltani, R., Mouli, M., & Benosman, A. S. (2013). Experimental study on thermo-mechanical properties of polymer modified mortar. Materials and design, 52, 456–469. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.05.055

ASTM C75-02. (2002). Standard test methods for sampling and testing brick and structural clay tile. ASTM Standards, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

ASTM C618-15. (2015). Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

ASTM C597-16(2016). Standard test method for pulse velocity through concrete, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Azevedo, F., Pacheco-Torgal, F., Jesús, C., Barroso De Aguiar, J. L., & Camões, A. F. (2012). Properties and durability of HPC with tyre rub-ber wastes. Construction and Building Materials, 34, 186–191. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.062

Chithra, S., Senthil Kumar, S. R. R., & Chinnaraju, K. (2016). The effect of Colloidal Nano-silica on workability, mechanical and durability properties of High Performance Concrete with Copper slag as partial fine aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 113, 794–804. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.119

Corinaldesi, V., Mazzoli, A., & Moriconi, G. (2011). Mechanical behavior and thermal conductivity of mortars containing waste rubber parti-cles. Materials and Design, 32(3), 1646–1650. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2010.10.013

Divyah, N, Thenmozhi, R, Neelamegam, M, P. R. (2020). Characterization and behaviour of basalt fibre reinforced Lightweight concrete. Structural Concrete, 22, 422–430.

Girskas, G., & Nagrockienė, D. (2017). Crushed rubber waste impact of concrete basic properties. Construction and Building Materials, 140, 36–42. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.107

Gorai B, J. R. K. A. P. (2003). Characteristics and utilization of Copper slag-a review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 39(4), 299–313.

Kazmi, S. M. S., Abbas, S., Nehdi, M. L., Saleem, M. A., & Munir, M. J. (2017). Feasibility of Using Waste Glass Sludge in Production of Ecofriendly Clay Bricks. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 29(8), 04017056. doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001928

Koroth, S. R., Fazio, P., & Feldman, D. (1998). Evaluation of Clay Brick Durability Using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 4(4), 142–147. doi:10.1061/(asce)1076-0431(1998)4:4(142)

Ling, T. C. (2012). Effects of compaction method and rubber content on the properties of concrete paving blocks. Construction and Building Materials, 28(1), 164–175. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.069

Mohammed, B. S., Anwar Hossain, K. M., Eng Swee, J. T., Wong, G., & Abdullahi, M. (2012). Properties of crumb rubber hollow concrete block. Journal of Cleaner Production, 23(1), 57–67. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.10.035

Monteiro, S. N., & Vieira, C. M. F. (2014, October 15). On the production of fired clay bricks from waste materials: A critical update. Con-struction and Building Materials. Elsevier Ltd. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.006

Nagarajan, D., Rajagopal, T., & Meyappan, N. (2020). A Comparative Study on Prediction Models for Strength Properties of LWA Concrete Using Artificial Neural Network. Revista de La Construccion, 19(1), 103–111. doi:10.7764/RDLC.19.1.103-111

Nirmala, G., & Viruthagiri, G. (2014). FT-IR characterization of articulated ceramic bricks with wastes from ceramic industries. Spectro-chimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 126, 129–134. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.01.143

Praburanganathan, S., & Chithra, S. (2020). Synergy of waste glass powder and waste rubber: A research on loading, perseverance and mor-phological features of unburnt fly-ash-based masonry units. Materiali in Tehnologije, 54(1), 99–106. doi:10.17222/mit.2019.142

Prakash, R., Thenmozhi, R., & Raman, S. N. (2019). Mechanical characterization and flexural performance of eco-friendly concrete produced with fly ash as cement replacement and coconut shell coarse aggregate. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Develop-ment, 18(2). doi:10.1504/IJESD.2019.099491

Prakash, R., Thenmozhi, R., Raman, S. N., Subramanian, C., & Divyah, N. (2021). Mechanical characterization of sustainable fiber-reinforced lightweight concrete incorporating waste coconut shell as coarse aggregate and sisal fiber. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 18(6). doi:10.1007/s13762-020-02900-z

Prakash, Ramaiah, Thenmozhi, R., Raman, S. N., & Subramanian, C. (2020). Characterization of eco-friendly steel fiber-reinforced concrete containing waste coconut shell as coarse aggregates and fly ash as partial cement replacement. Structural Concrete, 21(1). doi: 10.1002/suco.201800355

Prakash, Ramaiah, Thenmozhi, R., Raman, S. N., Subramanian, C., & Divyah, N. (2021). An investigation of key mechanical and durability properties of coconut shell concrete with partial replacement of fly ash. Structural Concrete, 22(S1). doi: 10.1002/suco.201900162

Prem, P. R., Verma, M., & Ambily, P. S. (2018). Sustainable cleaner production of concrete with high volume copper slag. Journal of Cleaner Production, 193, 43–58. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.245

Santhakumar.A. R, S. A. (2015). Tensile strength of brick masonry. In 9th Canadian Masonry Symposium.

Sienkiewicz, M., Kucinska-Lipka, J., Janik, H., & Balas, A. (2012). Progress in used tyres management in the European Union: A review. Waste Management, 32(10), 1742–1751. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.05.010

Silva, R. V., De Brito, J., & Dhir, R. K. (2014). Properties and composition of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste suitable for concrete production. Construction and Building Materials, 65, 201–217. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.117

Singh, S. B., & Munjal, P. (2017). Bond strength and compressive stress-strain characteristics of brick masonry. Journal of Building Engineer-ing, 9, 10–16. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2016.11.006

Singh, Y. (2017). Fly ash utilization in India. Retrieved from http://www.wealthywaste.com/fly-ash-utilization-in-india

Sodupe-Ortega, E., Fraile-Garcia, E., Ferreiro-Cabello, J., & Sanz-Garcia, A. (2016). Evaluation of crumb rubber as aggregate for automated manufacturing of rubberized long hollow blocks and bricks. Construction and Building Materials, 106, 305–316. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.131

Turatsinze, A., Bonnet, S., & Granju, J. L. (2005). Mechanical characterization of cement-based mortar incorporating rubber aggregates from recycled worn tyres. Building and Environment, 40(2), 221–226. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.05.012

Turgut, P., & Yesilata, B. (2008). Physico-mechanical and thermal performances of newly developed rubber-added bricks. Energy and Build-ings, 40(5), 679–688. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.05.002

Vladimir, G, Haach, Graça, V, Paulo, B. (2013). Development of a new test for determination of tensile strength of concrete blocks. In 12th Canadian Masonry Symposium Vancouver, British Columbia.

Downloads

Published

2022-04-18

How to Cite

Selvaraj, P., Chithra, S. ., Divyah, N. ., N, S. ., Simha Reddy, Y. B. ., & S, V. . (2022). Value-added waste substitution using slag and rubber aggregates in the sustainable and eco-friendly compressed brick production. Revista De La Construcción. Journal of Construction, 21(1), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.7764/RDLC.21.1.5